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Compare Niue (2001) - British Indian Ocean Territory (2003)

Compare Niue (2001) z British Indian Ocean Territory (2003)

 Niue (2001)British Indian Ocean Territory (2003)
 NiueBritish Indian Ocean Territory
Administrative divisions none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages each with its own village council whose members are elected and serve three-year terms -
Age structure 0-14 years:
NA%

15-64 years:
NA%

65 years and over:
NA%		 -
Agriculture - products coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle -
Airports 1 (2000 est.) 1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Area total:
260 sq km

land:
260 sq km

water:
0 sq km		 total: 60 sq km


land: 60 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes the entire Chagos Archipelago
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to 2,100 in 2000) with substantial emigration to New Zealand. Established as a territory of the UK in 1965, a number of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) islands were transferred to the Seychelles when it attained independence in 1976. Subsequently, BIOT has consisted only of the six main island groups comprising the Chagos Archipelago. The largest and most southerly of the islands, Diego Garcia, contains a joint UK-US naval support facility. All of the remaining islands are uninhabited. Former agricultural workers, earlier residents in the islands, were relocated primarily to Mauritius but also to the Seychelles, between 1967 and 1973. In 2000, a British High Court ruling invalidated the local immigration order that had excluded them from the archipelago, but upheld the special military status of Diego Garcia.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population -
Budget revenues:
$NA

expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA		 -
Capital Alofi -
Climate tropical; modified by southeast trade winds tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds
Coastline 64 km 698 km
Constitution 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act) -
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Niue

former:
Savage Island		 conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory


conventional short form: none


abbreviation: BIOT
Currency New Zealand dollar (NZD) -
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population -
Debt - external $NA -
Dependency status self-governing in free association with New Zealand; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs overseas territory of the UK; administered by a commissioner, resident in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London
Diplomatic representation from the US none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international none Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, but in 2001 were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation since eviction in 1965; repatriation is complicated by the US military lease of Diego Garcia, the largest island in the chain
Economic aid - recipient $8.3 million (1995) -
Economy - overview Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry. All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where joint UK-US defense facilities are located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installations are done by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. There are no industrial or agricultural activities on the islands. When the Ilois return, they plan to reestablish sugarcane production and fishing.
Electricity - consumption 2.8 million kWh (1999) NA kWh
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 3 million kWh (1999) NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by the US military
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m		 lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m
Environment - current issues increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture NA
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea		 -
Ethnic groups Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans) -
Exchange rates New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.2502 (January 2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998), 1.5082 (1997), 1.4543 (1996) -
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)

head of government:
Premier Sani LAKATANI (since 1 April 1999)

cabinet:
Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers

elections:
the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 19 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2002)

election results:
Sani LAKATANI elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - NA%		 chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Commissioner Alan HUCKLE (since 2001); Administrator Louise SAVILL (since NA); note - both reside in the UK


cabinet: NA


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; commissioner and administrator appointed by the monarch
Exports $117,500 (f.o.b., 1989) -
Exports - commodities canned coconut cream, copra, honey, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts -
Exports - partners NZ 89%, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia -
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March -
Flag description yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP purchasing power parity - $4.5 million (1997 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,800 (1997 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate NA% -
Geographic coordinates 19 02 S, 169 52 W 6 00 S, 71 30 E
Geography - note one of world's largest coral islands archipelago of 2,300 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility
Highways total:
234 km

paved:
86 km

unpaved:
148 km (106 km of which is access and plantation road) (2001)		 total: NA km


paved: short section of paved road between port and airfield on Diego Garcia


unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports $4.1 million (c.i.f., 1989) -
Imports - commodities food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs -
Imports - partners NZ 59%, Fiji 20%, Japan 13%, Samoa, Australia, US -
Independence on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries tourism, handicrafts, food processing -
Infant mortality rate NA deaths/1,000 live births -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1% (1995) -
International organization participation ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue -
Labor force 450 (1992 est.) -
Labor force - by occupation most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
19%

permanent crops:
8%

permanent pastures:
4%

forests and woodland:
19%

other:
50% (1993 est.)		 arable land: NEGL


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages Polynesian closely related to Tongan and Samoan, English -
Legal system English common law the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)

elections:
last held 19 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
NA years

male:
NA years

female:
NA years		 -
Literacy definition:
NA

total population:
95%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%		 -
Location Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga archipelago in the Indian Ocean, south of India, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia
Map references Oceania Political Map of the World
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM		 exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of New Zealand defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016
Military branches Police Force -
National holiday Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) -
Nationality noun:
Niuean(s)

adjective:
Niuean		 -
Natural hazards typhoons NA
Natural resources fish, arable land coconuts, fish, sugarcane
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population -
Political parties and leaders Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Sani LAKATANI] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 2,124 (July 2001 est.) no indigenous inhabitants


note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois, were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles in the 1960's and 1970's, in November 2000 they were granted the right of return by a British High Court ruling, though no timetable has been set; in 2001, there were approximately 1,500 UK and US military personnel and 2,000 civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 0.5% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Diego Garcia
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 1,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist) -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
primitive system

domestic:
single-line telephone system connects all villages on island

international:
NA		 general assessment: separate facilities for military and public needs are available


domestic: all commercial telephone services are available, including connection to the Internet


international: international telephone service is carried by satellite (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use 376 (1991) NA
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1991) -
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) 1 (1997)
Terrain steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau flat and low (most areas do not exceed four meters in elevation)
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman -
Unemployment rate NA% -
Waterways none none
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